Gran Colombia is a term used by historians to refer to the Republic of Colombia established between 1819 and 1831. It is used to avoid confusion with the current Republic of Colombia. Gran Colombia was formed by Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Ecuador and Panama.

The pink tide (or the Left Turn) in Latin America, refers to the wave of victories of left-wing candidates in the presidential elections of several Latin American countries at the beginning of the 21st century. We usually consider that it started in 1998, with the victory of Hugo Chávez in Venezuela. When he was elected, the left was only in power in Cuba in the region.

Peronism, also called justicialism, is a political movement originating in Argentina in the mid-1940s. The term refers to Juan Perón, former president of Argentina (1946–1955, 1973–1974) and founder of the movement. Peronism is a fundamental element of Argentine politics.

The creation of UNASUR represents one of the most important regional integration initiatives in Latin America, however, it has been inactive for years now, why is that?

Latifundismo is a key concept that allows us to understand the current problems of the agrarian structure in latin american countries.

The Washington Consensus is a list of economic measures aiming at liberalizing and opening the economies of Latin American countries.

The civil war in El Salvador which took place between 1981 and 1992 was particularly long and bloody. The U.S were involved in the conflict.

Spanish colonization left its mark on the functioning of modern Latin American society through a system of racial discrimination.

The import substitution industrialization (ISI) model is an economic policy that was adopted by Latin American countries during the 50s/60s.

The chavism is a political ideology in Venezuela oriented to socialism and Bolivarianism.