Fidelismo or castrismo (Fidelism or castroism in English) is a Cuban school of thought and refers to the beliefs of the former president of Cuba, Fidel Castro, who was an anti-imperialist and nationalist revolutionary. Fidelismo is a political and social movement known worldwide that has influenced other schools of thought in Latin America and even in Africa. However, Castroism only exists in Cuba. It is deeply linked to its history and in particular, to the Cuban revolution.

The Cuban revolution started on July 26, 1953 with the attack of the Moncada barracks, and ended in January 1959 with the collapse of Fulgencio Batista's dictatorship.